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The Philippines has a number of minerals which are found throughout the country. Petroleum, nickel, cobalt, silver, gold, salt, and copper can all be found in abundance, and the country doesn't overuse these resources. Timber is also an important natural resource, although the use of it is beginning to be more and more tightly regulated.
Aluminum: Is the most abundant metal element in the Earth’s crust. Bauxite is the main source of aluminium. Aluminium is used in the United States in packaging, transportation, and building. Guinea and Australia have about one-half of the world’s reserves. Other countries with major reserves include Brazil, Jamaica, and India.
Asbestos: Because this group of silicate minerals can be readily separated into thin, strong fibbers that are flexible, heat resistant, and chemically inert, asbestos minerals are suitable for use in fireproof fabrics, yarn, cloth, paper, paint filler, gaskets, roofing composition, reinforcing agent in rubber and plastics, brake linings, tiles, electrical and heat insulation, cement, and chemical filters.
Coal: One of the world’s major sources of energy. In the United States, coal provides approximately 23% of all the energy consumed. Coal is used to produce more than half of all the electrical energy that is generated and used in the United States. Coal is a very complex and diverse energy resource that can vary greatly, even within the same deposit. In general, there are four basic varieties of coal, which are the result of geologic forces having altered plant material in different ways. These varieties descended from the first stage in the formation of coal: the creation of peat or partially decomposed plant material.
Cobalt: Used in super alloys for jet engines, chemicals (paint driers, catalysts, magnetic coatings, pigments, rechargeable batteries), magnets, and cemented carbides for cutting tools. Principal cobalt producing countries include Democratic Republic of the Congo, Zambia, Canada, Cuba, Australia, and Russia. The United States uses about one-third of total world consumption. Cobalt resources in the United States are low grade and production from these deposits is usually not economically feasible.
Copper: Used in electric cables and wires, switches, plumbing, heating, roofing and building construction, chemical and pharmaceutical machinery, alloys (brass, bronze, and a new alloy with 3% beryllium that is particularly vibration resistant), alloy castings, electroplated protective coatings and undercoats for nickel, chromium, zinc, etc., and cooking utensils. The leading producer is Chile, followed by the U.S., and Indonesia
Nickel: Vital as an alloying constituent of stainless steel, plays key role in the chemical and aerospace industries. Leading producers include Australia, Canada, Norway and Russia. Large reserves are found in Australia, Cuba, New Caledonia, Canada, Indonesia, the Philippines, and Russia.
Silicon or Silica (commonly called quartz): Used in manufacture of special steels and cast iron, aluminium alloys, glass and refractory materials, ceramics, abrasives, water filtration, component of hydraulic cements, filler in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, paper, insecticides, rubber reinforcing agent - especially for high adhesion to textiles, anti-caking agent in foods, flatting agent in paints, thermal insulator. Fused silica is used as an ablative material in rocket engines, spacecraft, silica fibbers used in reinforced plastics.
Silver: Used in photography, jewelry, in electronics because of its very high conductivity, as currency - generally in some form of an alloy, in lining vats and other equipment for chemical reaction vessels, water distillation, etc., catalyst in manufacture of ethylene, mirrors, electric conductors, batteries, silver plating, table cutlery, dental, medical, and scientific equipment, electrical contacts, bearing metal, magnet windings, brazing alloys, solder. Silver is mined in approximately 56 countries. Nevada produces over one-third of the U.S. silver. Largest silver reserves are found in the U.S., Canada, Mexico, Peru, and China.
Halite (Sodium chloride--Salt): Used in human and animal diet, food seasoning and food preservation, used to prepare sodium hydroxide, soda ash, caustic soda, hydrochloric acid, chlorine, metallic sodium, used in ceramic glazes, metallurgy, curing of hides, mineral waters, soap manufacture, home water softeners, highway de-icing, photography, herbicide, fire extinguishing, nuclear reactors, mouthwash, medicine (heat exhaustion), in scientific equipment for optical parts. Single crystals used for spectroscopy, ultraviolet and infrared transmission.
Gold: Used in dentistry and medicine, in jewelry and arts, in medallions and coins, in ingots as a store of value, for scientific and electronic instruments, as an electrolyte in the electro-plating industry. South Africa has about half of the world’s resources. Significant quantities are also present in the U.S., Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, and Russia
Gypsum: Processed and used as prefabricated wallboard or as industrial or building plaster, used in cement manufacture, agriculture and other uses.
Chromite (chromium): Some 99 percent of the world's chromites is found in southern Africa and Zimbabwe. Chemical and metallurgical industries use about 85% of the chromites consumed in the United States.
Iron Ore: About 98% of iron ore is used to make steel— one of the greatest inventions and most useful materials ever created. While the other uses for iron ore and iron are only a very small amount of the consumption, they provide excellent examples of the ingenuity and the multitude of uses that man can create from our natural resources.

Kakayahang Linggwistik at Komunikativo

Sa pag-aaral ng anomang disiplina masasabi kong mahalagang

magkaroon ng ng sapat at kinakailangang kakayahan sa linggwis-

tik at komunikativo ang isang tao. Ang kakayahang linggwistik

ay naayon sa mga tuntunin ng wika o balarilang kayarian na alam

ng taong nagsasalita ng wikang ito. Nagtataglay ang isang tao ng

kaalamang ito kung nauunawaan at nasasabi niya ang ibat- ibang

mga pahayag o at pangungusap.Ang kakayahang komunikativo

naman ay hindi lamang naaayon sa kaalamang makagamit ng mga

pangungusap na may wastong balarila kundi may kakayahan ding

ipakita at gamitin ang alin mang gawi ng pakikipag-usap na angkop

at naaayon sa hinihinging sitwasyon.

Note:

ang mag nakasaad dito ay ayon sa naiulat ng aking kamag-aral na si R.Maarticio (BSEd 1 English)

Wala Bang Bago?

Paulit-ulit na lang bang ganto?
Ika'y sa amin magtuturo
gamit ang iyong istratehiya
na hindi namin makuhakuha.

Kahit kami'y batong bato na
ay wala kaming magagawa
kundi ang makinig sa iyo,
dahil ikaw ay aming guro.

Marahil ikaw lang ay bumubwelo
at kami ay pinaglalruan mo,
dahil sa tono ng pananalita mo
nababakas ko ang angking talino mo.

Kaya sige, ika'y pagbibigyan namin
at muli ay pabwebweluhin!
Pipilitin naming ikaw ay unawain
kahit na nga kay hirap mong intindihin.

Tagalog, Pilipino, At Filipino

Maraming tao ang patuloy na nalilito sa pagkakaiba-iba ng Tagalog, Pilipino, at Filipino sa isa't isa.Sa mga impormasyong aking nakalap at natutuhan ang tatlo ay nagkakaiba-iba sa konsepto, gamit, at gayundin sa mga pinagbatayan. Tulad halimbawa sa agalog na pinagbatayan ng wikang pambansa na napagkasunduan ng SWP.Bagamat Tgalog ang itionawag sa wikang pambansa, hindi naman nangangahulugan na ang katutubong wikang tagalog na ang ating wikang pambansa.Ang Pilipino ay tagalog din ayon sa nilalaman at istruktura; walang wikang Pilipino bago ang taong 1959.Gayundin,walang wikang Filipino bago ang taong 1973. MAgkaiba ang Pilipino sa Filipino kahit na nga naging parehong wikang pambansa ang dalawa. Ang mga ito'y magkaiba sa konsepto: pagkat ang isa'y batay sa iisang wika at ang iasa nama'y s amaraming wika sa Pilipinas kasama ang ilang banyagang wika. Kung gayon ang Filipino ay ang mas maunlad na wika at ang pangunahing lingua franca ng ating bansa. Ang "F" sa salitang Filipino ay ay sumsimbolo ng pagiging hindi tagalog lang na batayan ng wikang pambansa, dahil wala namang gamit ang tunog "F" sa katutubong wikang tagalog.

Wika at diyalekto

Ang wika ay mas higit ang saklaw kaysa sasa diyalekto. Mas marami rin ang gumagamit ng wika kaysa sa diyleto. Binigyang kahulugan ni h.gleason ang wika bilang- isang sistematekong balangkas na sinasalitang tunog na isinasaayos sa paraang arbitraryo upang magamit sa pakikipagkomunikasyon ng mga taong naibilang sa isang kultura. Ang diyalekto naman ay ang baryasyon ng isang wika, tam as kaunti lamang ang gumagamit nito kung ihahambing sa wika.Ang Ilaang varayti ng wika ay ang sumusunod:

IDYOLEK- ito’y kumakatawan sa pekyulyaridad sa pananlita ng mga tao.Ang paggamit ng wikang itoy mabibilang sa ekspresyon at isa ring pagkakakilanlan.
SOSYOLEK-ito’y kumakatawan sa mga salitang sadyang gamit ng isang tao kugnay sa kanyang trabaho o propesyon.

Patama kay Sir

Ika'y isang estranghero
na pumasok sa'ming kwarto.
Batid mong ika'y bagong guro
na sa amin ay magtuturo.

Kapansin-pansin na ika'y baguhan
sa prop;esyong iyong napasukan,
pagkat nilalalmon ka ng kaba
at sobrang hina ng mong magsalita.

Kami ay sadyang namangha sa
M.A.-Fil. at A.B.- Lit na
nakakabit sa'yong pangalan
na bibihira sa edad mong yan.
Kaya naman ika'y aming nirespeto,
tenga namin ay ipinokus sa iyo
nang di masayang ang iyong laway
sa pagsasasbay mo sa'ming ongay.

Sadya na po kaming ganito:
maingay, pasaway, at magulo,
pero sa study kami'y seryoso
at yan ay patutunayan namin sa'yo.

Kahit papaano
sana'y mapansin mo
na kami rin ay matitino
at marunong ding rumespeto.